Last night, the Berkeley Objectivist Club, sympathizers, and skeptics packed a lecture hall in VLSB to hear Yaron Brook of the Ayn Rand Institute speaking on capitalism, free markets, and their “failure” in the current economic crisis. Brook first asked the crowd who was to blame for the mess. The answer he was looking for: financial institutions, greedy corporate titans, free markets, capitalism. He then asked, if free markets are to blame, did we have free markets? The short answer: no.
The government has long had a policy of manipulating and distorting incentives and markets, and that policy has not been limited to the political left. For greater than a half century, the government has subsidized homeownership by deducting interest from taxation, so that home prices are artificially low. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, having an implicit government guarantee, were able to offer loans at interest rates that drove out competitors. Under the Community Reinvestment Act, subprime mortgages were mandated (that’s not a typo). Add to that the Federal Reserve’s policy of keeping interest rates exceptionally low, and you have a recipe for a housing bubble. The list goes on.
Homeownership is a wonderful thing. It fosters an ownership society, where people work for and maintain their possessions, and more importantly, their communities. For some, the equity can be used to take out lower-interest loans, which dramatically reduce the cost of education (particularly for the homeowning poor, who need the benefits of education most). But everything has a cost, and when prices do not reflect costs, markets will not function.
Even if this was the limit of government intervention, the mere presence of statutes such as the CRA meant financial institutions saw profits being generated by banks and decided to hop onto the bandwagon just to keep up and prevent their capital from flowing out of their companies. Furthermore, this regulatory atmosphere leads companies to use regulators as an excuse. During the Chinese consumer good scare a few months ago, the toy industry lobbied extensively for more regulation, simply because that would shift legal liability away from them and onto bureaucrats (which are rarely, if ever, held responsible for the damage they cause). And, if that fails, the companies in question can merely lobby for a bail-out, which severely distorts economic incentives and makes the problem fester, all at the expense of taxpayers whose wallets have been pried open by ever-more-willing politicians.
Capitalism and markets behaved exactly as they should have, given the rules they were forced to play by. Given that the market in this case was not free, all we can say about this crisis is that a mixed economy, partially government controlled or regulated, and partially free, cannot function smoothly. Now we must only ask ourselves if the direction we want is more or less freedom. For Yaron Brook, the answer is a resounding affirmation of economic freedom.
But to do that, we need to dispel some ideas about morality and self-interest. Today, children are taught to play nice, share, don’t be selfish. But why? Why should any person hold another person’s life above his own? What moral claim do others have on their neighbors’ lives? Self-interest is not myopic greed, it is merely individuals determining for themselves what is in their best long term interests, and to deny that as a real possibility is patronizing, paternalistic, and patently false. If morality is understood to mean avoiding any kind of harm to others, by action or omission, free market capitalism is the only moral economic system, because it does not confiscate the wealth or freedom of one group for another’s benefit, but instead demands that all parties trade value for value, on mutually beneficial terms. Brooks ended by asking not that people go out to support capitalism, or self-interest, but that they support a code of ethics that values individualism and freedom, and as a consequence, free markets.
This view contrasts starkly with a previous lecture at UC Berkeley, given by Economics Professor Martha Olney, on the same subject. The lecture, directed at engineering majors who had little to no economic or legal background, grossly misstated the causes of the current economic problem and blamed them squarely on lack of regulation and evil corporations. She dismissed the Fed, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the CRA as “Republican talking points” with “no value whatsoever”. Olney, while evangelizing a largely uninformed audience of her particular political beliefs, conveniently forgets that financial firms are some of the most heavily regulated in the country, and that freedom will be the cost of her preferred solution.
The appropriate conservative and libertarian response to such nonsense is simply that markets were not free, and that an immoral economic system was doomed to fail. Perhaps if free markets are perceived to be a moral force in our culture, we will know the end to government’s creation and exacerbation of economic problems.